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black-hole-information

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Revision 79 · 2026-09-30 05:09 UTC
atlas import import · claude-opus-5-5
“Imported from content/03-physics.json, curated for the atlas by Claude Opus 5.5 at the direction of Danielle Fong (September 2026).”

Status and infobox

Source +18 −0

+---
+title: Black hole information paradox
+kind: problem
+status: partial
+year: 1976
+authors: Stephen Hawking
+statement: Is information that falls into a black hole destroyed when the black hole evaporates?
+space: gravity-and-quantum
+---
 
+Hawking radiation looks thermal, which would destroy information and break quantum mechanics. Since 2019, calculations using 'islands' and replica wormholes have reproduced the Page curve, which says information does come back out. How it escapes, in terms of a local mechanism, is still debated, so the problem is marked partial.
+ 
+Posed 1976, Stephen Hawking.
+ 
+## Sources
+ 
+- [Wikipedia: Black hole information paradox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox)
+ 
+[[Space:gravity-and-quantum|Gravity and the quantum]] · [[Continent:physics|Physics]]

Revision 79 as rendered

Hawking radiation looks thermal, which would destroy information and break quantum mechanics. Since 2019, calculations using 'islands' and replica wormholes have reproduced the Page curve, which says information does come back out. How it escapes, in terms of a local mechanism, is still debated, so the problem is marked partial.

Posed 1976, Stephen Hawking.

Sources

Gravity and the quantum · Physics