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cellular-reprogramming
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Gurdon showed a frog's intestinal cell nucleus could make a whole frog, so differentiation does not erase genes. Yamanaka found that four transcription factors turn skin cells into pluripotent stem cells. They shared the 2012 Nobel Prize.
Evidence tier V3 is the import default for a result the curation records as settled in the published record. No formal proof or certificate is attached to this page yet.
Closed 1962, John Gurdon (frog cloning); 2006, Shinya Yamanaka (four factors).
Related problems
- The original curation links this problem to The causes of aging; the argument for the link has not been written yet.