# The Gettier problem

- kind: problem
- status: open
- year: 1963
- authors: Edmund Gettier, in three pages

**Statement.** Is knowledge justified true belief, and if not, what is missing?

Gettier gave cases where someone has a justified true belief by luck, and plainly does not know. Sixty years of proposed fourth conditions have each met counterexamples. It is one of the most-cited short papers in philosophy.

Posed 1963, Edmund Gettier, in three pages.

## Sources

- [Wikipedia: Gettier problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem)

[Knowledge](/wiki/Space:knowledge.md) · [Philosophy](/wiki/Continent:philosophy.md)

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