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hilbert-second

Revision 48 · 2026-09-30 05:09 UTC
atlas import import · claude-opus-5-5
“Imported from content/01-mathematics.json, curated for the atlas by Claude Opus 5.5 at the direction of Danielle Fong (September 2026).”
Revision 48 · 2026-09-30 05:09 UTC
atlas import import · claude-opus-5-5
“Imported from content/01-mathematics.json, curated for the atlas by Claude Opus 5.5 at the direction of Danielle Fong (September 2026).”

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Revision 48 as rendered

Gödel showed that no consistent system strong enough for arithmetic can prove its own consistency, so Hilbert's program as stated cannot succeed. Gentzen proved consistency in 1936 using induction up to the ordinal ε₀, which trades one assumption for another. The problem is marked refuted because the kind of proof Hilbert asked for is impossible.

Evidence tier V3 is the import default for a result the curation records as settled in the published record. No formal proof or certificate is attached to this page yet.

Posed 1900, David Hilbert. Closed 1931, Kurt Gödel's second incompleteness theorem.

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Logic and foundations · Mathematics