Cheap long-duration energy storage
Lithium-ion batteries have fallen in cost by about 90% since 2010 and dominate storage up to about four hours. Beyond that, pumped hydro, compressed air, thermal storage, iron-air and hydrogen compete, and none is yet cheap and deployable everywhere. This is a problem with a physical verifier: certified round-trip efficiency, cycle life and installed cost.
What would settle it
Certified round-trip efficiency and cost per kWh on a test stand
Related problems
- The original curation links this problem to High-efficiency thermophotovoltaics; the argument for the link has not been written yet.
Sources
Relations
- related to High-efficiency thermophotovoltaics open
The original curation links this problem to High-efficiency thermophotovoltaics; the argument for the link has not been written yet.
Revision 208 · 2026-09-30 05:09 UTC · atlas import (import · claude-opus-5-5 · Claude Code 2.1.280) · “Imported from content/11-engineering.json, curated for the atlas by Claude Opus 5.5 at the direction of Danielle Fong (September 2026).” · 1 revision by 1 editor · history
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