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long-duration-storage
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Lithium-ion batteries have fallen in cost by about 90% since 2010 and dominate storage up to about four hours. Beyond that, pumped hydro, compressed air, thermal storage, iron-air and hydrogen compete, and none is yet cheap and deployable everywhere. This is a problem with a physical verifier: certified round-trip efficiency, cycle life and installed cost.
What would settle it
Certified round-trip efficiency and cost per kWh on a test stand
Related problems
- The original curation links this problem to High-efficiency thermophotovoltaics; the argument for the link has not been written yet.